📄️ Introduction
What is O-RAN?
📄️ Protocol Stack
Splitting control-plane processing from user-plane processing allows for more flexible and efficient network deployment. The protocol stack defines the functional entities standardized by the O-RAN Alliance, and these components—O-CU-CP, O-CU-UP, and O-DU—are collectively referred to as E2 nodes. Their roles and definitions are specified by the O-RAN Alliance to ensure interoperability and modularity across vendors.
📄️ Responsibilities
On this page, we describe the responsibilities of the various organizations and projects that define different parts of the RAN ecosystem, including 3GPP, the O-RAN Alliance, ONF SD-RAN, and telecom infrastructure providers. The figure below provides an overview of these responsibilities.
🗃️ O-RAN Architecture
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📄️ E2 Key Performance Metrics
Key performance metrics (KPMs) in the context of O-RAN and RAN systems are standardized measurements used to monitor, optimize, and control network performance.
📄️ Open Fronthaul Split
Functional splitting in mobile networks was introduced to make the Radio Access Network (RAN) more flexible, scalable, and cost-efficient, and it is not a new concept. When 3G networks were introduced, the radio unit was divided into two components: the Remote Radio Head (RRH), which contained all radio functions and was positioned close to the antenna, and the Baseband Unit (BBU), which handled baseband processing functions. Each BBU and RRH was connected via a dedicated network segment known as the fronthaul, laying the foundation for more advanced and flexible RAN architectures.